The Passive Voice / Das Passiv im Englischen

Arbeitsblätter mit Übungen und Aufgaben zum Thema "The Passive Voice / Das Passiv im Englisch-Unterricht" in der 7. & 8. Klasse am Gymnasium

Das Passiv ist ein Begriff aus der Grammatik und beschreibt eine Form eines Verbs, in der niemand handelt, sondern etwas "erleidet". Daher wird diese Form im Deutschen auch Leideform genannt, im Gegensatz zur Tätigkeitsform, dem Aktiv.

Zur Verdeutlichung schauen wir uns folgenden deutschen Satz im Aktiv an:

         S                 V             O

Mein Bruder     wäscht    das Auto.

Dieser Satz besteht aus einem Subjekt S (Satzgegenstand), einem Verb V (Satzaussage) und einem Objekt O (Satzergänzung). Der Satzgegenstand (Mein Bruder) tut etwas mit der Satzergänzung (dem Auto). Der Handelnde spielt in diesem Satz eine große Rolle.

Dieser Satz sieht im Passiv so aus:

Das Auto wird gewaschen.

Der Handelnde tritt im Passiv in den Hintergrund, er kann sogar weggelassen werden. Wichtig ist im Passiv, was getan wird und worauf diese Handlung ausgerichtet ist.

Im Englischen wird das Passiv viel häufiger verwendet, als im Deutschen. Ein sicherer Umgang mit dem Passiv ist deshalb sehr wichtig.

Im Englischen bildet man das Passiv so:

Form von (to) be + Partizip Perfekt (past participle -3. Form des Verbs)

Hier findet man eine Übersicht zur Bildung des Passiv in verschiedenen Zeiten. Abgesehen von Present Progressive und Past Progressive werden im Englischen Verlaufsformen im Passiv nur äußerst selten verwendet und sind deshalb unten nicht aufgeführt.

Simple Present:                     am/are/is + past participle

I am expected to bring a present.                 .
You are expected to bring a present.                       .
He / She / It is expected to bring a present.
We are expected to bring a present 
You are expected to bring a present
They are expected to bring a present.

Present Progressive:             am/are/is + being + past participle

I am being shown around the building now.                .
You are being shown around the building now.
He / She / It is being shown around the building now.
We are being shown around the building now
You are being shown around the building now.
They are being shown around the building now.

Simple Past:              was/were + past participle

I was expected to bring a present yesterday.                       .
You were expected to bring a present yesterday.                .
He / She / It was expected to bring a present yesterday.
We were expected to bring a present yesterday.    
You were expected to bring a present yesterday.
They were expected to bring a present yesterday.

Past Progressive:                  was/were + being + past participle

I was being shown around the building when my brother called.
You were being shown around the building when my brother called.
He / She / It was being shown around the building when my brother called.
We were being shown around the building when my brother called.
You were being shown around the building when my brother called.
They were being shown around the building when my brother called.

Present Perfect:                    have/has + been + past participle

I have been employed by this company for seven years.
You have been employed by this company for seven years.
He / She / It has been employed by this company for seven years.
We have been employed by this company for seven years.
You have been employed by this company for seven years.
They have been employed by this company for seven years.

Past Perfect:           had + been + past participle

I had been employed by this company for seven years before I quit.
You had been employed by this company for seven years before you quit.
He / She / It had been employed by this company for seven years before he/she/it quit.
We had been employed by this company for seven years before we quit.
You had been employed by this company for seven years before you quit.
They had been employed by this company for seven years before they quit.

Will future:   will + be + past participle

I think, I will be given a present tomorrow.
I think, you will be given a present tomorrow.
I think, he / she / it will be given a present tomorrow.
I think, we will be given a present tomorrow.
I think, you will be given a present tomorrow.
I think, they will be given a present tomorrow.

Future perfect:         will + have been + past participle

By four o’clock tomorrow I will have been given a present.
By four o’clock tomorrow you will have been given a present.
By four o’clock tomorrow he / she / it have been given a present.
By four o’clock tomorrow we will have been given a present.
By four o’clock tomorrow you will have been given a present..
By four o’clock tomorrow they will have been given a present..
 

Going to future:        am/are/is + going to be + past participle

I am going to be given a tour of the national park on my holiday in Spain.
You are going to be given a tour of the national park on your holiday in Spain.
He / She / It is going to be given a tour of the national park on his/her/its holiday in Spain.
We are going to be given a tour of the national park on our holiday in Spain.
You are going to be given a tour of the national park on your holiday in Spain.
They are going to be given a tour of the national park on their holiday in Spain.
 

Der Handelnde tritt im Passiv in den Hintergrund und er kann deshalb sogar weggelassen werden. Möchte man im Passiv die handelnde Person nennen, so verwendet man das sogenannte by–agent am Ende des Satzes.

Aktiv:             William Shakespeare wrote this Romeo and Juliet

Passiv:            Romeo and Juliet was written by William Shakespeare.

Aktiv:             The home team won this match.

Passiv:            This match was won by the home team.

Enthält ein Aktivsatz zwei Objekte, so kann man zwei verschiedene Passivsätze bilden, denn beide Objekte können nämlich zum Subjekt des Passivsatzes werden. Es handelt sich dabei um ein Akkusativobjekt, auch direktes Objekt O^dir genannt, nach dem man mit wen oder was fragt und ein Dativobjekt, auch indirektes Objekt O^ind genannt, nach dem man mit wem oder was fragt.
Ist das direkte Objekt Subjekt des Passivsatzes, dann wird das indirekte Objekt immer mit to angeschlossen.

Beispiel:

                           S            O^ind                  O^dir

Aktiv:              Tom gave Susan a nice box of chocolates.

Möglichkeit 1: indirektes Objekt wird Subjekt des Passivsatzes

Susan was given a nice box of chocolates.

Möglichkeit 2: direktes Objekt wird Subjekt des Passivsatzes

A nice box of chocolates was given to Susan.